ABSTRACT
Abstract The aim of this present study was to localize alveolar macrophages, Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Smooth muscle actin (SMA), Vimentin and Vasculo-endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the tracheal epithelium and lung alveoli in three important breeds of goats namely, Pashmina, Bakerwali and non-descript goats by standard immunohistochemical methods. Large pulmonary macrophages were observed in the lung sections of all the three breeds of goat. Macrophages were observed in the alveolar septa and airway epithelium. The mean macrophage count for Pashmina, Bakerwali and non-descript goat were recorded as 23.4±1.47, 27.8±0.68 and 21.4±0.70, respectively. The PCNA activity was intense in the alveolar epithelial cells of lungs in Pashmina and Bakerwali goats and very high in the lung tissue of non-descript goat. The PCNA activity was intense in the bronchial epithelial cells of lungs in Bakerwali goat. Strong reaction of SMA was observed in the submucosa of bronchioles of Pashmina and Bakerwali goats. The submucosa of the tracheal tissue showed a strong reaction of SMA in the non-descript goat and moderate in the submucosa of trachea in the Bakerwali goat. A number of vimentin-positive cells were found in the lung parenchyma in both Pashmina and Bakerwali goats. Also, there was a strong reaction of vimentin mainly in submucosal area in non-descript goat. The VEGF activity was found to be intense in the lung alveoli of Bakerwali goat and strong in Pashmina and non-descript goats. The tracheal epithelium was moderately reactive to VGEF in all the three goats.
ABSTRACT
This present study was conducted on the trachea and lungs of adult Pashmina, Bakerwali and non-descript goats to compare the biometrical features of these organs among these breeds. For this, a total of 10 samples from each goat breed were collected. The mean length of the trachea in adult Pashmina, Bakerwali and non-descript goats were recorded as 19.70±0.55 cm, 27.35±0.43 cm and 27.24±1.02 cm, respectively. It was found that the length of the trachea was significantly shorter in case of Pashmina goat as compared to the other two breeds. Also, the width of the middle segment of the trachea was found to be significantly lesser in Pashmina goat. Similarly, the mean weight of the two lungs and their length at various levels in regard to different lobes showed variations among these three breeds and were significant for some biometrical parameters.
ABSTRACT
Twenty five numbers of crossbred pig foetii were selected based on their crown-rump length and subsequently divided into 5 age groups consisting of 5 animals in each group viz. group I (41-55 days), group II (56-70 days), group III (71-85 days), group IV (86-100 days) and groupV (101-114 days). No renal pelvis was evident in group I in all the kidneys under study. From group II onwards, the renal pelvis was distinct and extensive with a well developed ureter that originated from the middle of the pelvis in both the kidneys.
Se selecionaron 25 fetos de cerdos híbridos basándose en la longitud céfalocaudal y luego fueron separados en 5 grupos etarios de 5 animales cada uno: Grupo I (41-55 días), grupo II (56-70 días), grupo III (71-85 días), grupo IV (86-100 días) y grupo V (101-114 días). No se encontraron pelvis renales en el grupo I, en ninguno de los ríñones en estudio. Desde el grupo II en adelante, la pelvis renal era claramente visible y grande, con un uréter bien desarrollado, que se originaba desde el centro de la pelvis, en ambos ríñones.
Subject(s)
Animals , Sus scrofa/anatomy & histology , Kidney/anatomy & histology , Kidney/growth & development , Fetus , MorphogenesisABSTRACT
En el presente estudio se utilizaron 46 cabezas de cabra Kagani. El hueso frontal no constituía la parte caudal de la superficie frontal. Ambos huesos nasales estaban divididos en dos porciones por profundas incisuras en la parte media, comenzando desde su terminación rostral. La tuberosidad facial fue localizada en la mejilla, a nivel de la unión de los dientes 4 y 5. El hueso basiesfenoides tenía una afilada cresta mediana. El hueso frontal contribuyó ampliamente en este animal. Se registraron variaciones entre las órbitas de los lados derecho e izquierdo. La longitud de la base craneal varió positivamente respecto al ancho y largo del cráneo.
Forty six heads of adult Kagani goats were used in the present study. The frontal bone did not constitute the caudal extent of the frontal surface. Both the nasal bones were divided longitudinally into two halves by deep notches up to the middle part starting from its rostral end. The facial tuberosity was placed at the junction of the 4th and 5th cheek teeth. The basisphenpoid bone had a sharp median ridge. The frontal bone contributed to the maximum in this animal. Bilateral variation was recorded among the orbits of right and left sides. Skull base length varied positively with the skull width and skull length.